叶面积指数测定方法综述

叶面积指数(LAI)被定义为单位地面面积上叶面面积总和,是极其重要的植被特征,是表征植被冠层结构最基本的参量之一,它控制着植被的许多生物、物理过程,如光合、呼吸、蒸腾、碳循环和降水截获等。因此如何有效的测定叶面积指数将是我们面临的重大课题。本文阐述了直接收获法、调落叶法等叶面积测定方法,同时也将例举这些叶面积测定方法已测定过的物种范围,并就这些方法中所存在的局限性进行说明。     

多效唑的矮化作用初探

随着社会不断发展,人们对植物的观赏要求越来越高,常见的矮化的药物:多效唑和B9,由于B9中含有大量的致癌物质,B9我国已经列入违禁药品。B9在农业上已经基本很少使用。虽然B9在花卉园艺上还在使用,但在短期内会禁止使用。由此可见,多效唑在园艺上有着不可替代的地位。     

痕量灌溉在温室大桃上的应用

试验以日光温室大桃为供试作物,以常规畦灌和滴灌为对照,研究第一代痕量灌溉系统在地膜覆盖和地表裸露两种条件下对生长、产量和水分利用的影响。结果表明：痕量灌溉管路埋深50cm且地膜覆盖处理,痕量灌溉比畦灌和滴灌分别节约灌水80．1m^3／667m^2和40．0m^3／667m^2,水分利用效率比畦灌和滴灌分别增加16．1kg／m^3和10．6kg／m^3,经济产量无显著差异;痕量灌溉管埋深5cm、地表裸露条件下,痕量灌溉此畦灌和滴灌分别节约灌水88．9m^3／667m^2和39．8m^3／667m^2,经济产量比畦灌和滴灌分别减少11．5％和25．3％。痕量灌溉在果树上应用时,宜地膜覆盖并埋深30cm。     

Probing mode of action in plant cell cycle by the herbicide endothall, a protein phosphatase inhibitor

The mode of action of endothall, an herbicide which was reported to inhibit plant protein phosphatases 1 (PP1) and 2A (PP2A), was investigated. For initial characterization, a series of bioassays was used for comprehensive physiological profiling of endothall effects which suggested a phytotoxic mode of action similar to mitotic disrupter herbicides. Unlike known microtubule disrupters, endothall did not inhibit soybean tubulin polymerization in vitro. As shown in meristematic corn root tips, endothall distorted the orientation of cell division plane and microtubule spindle structures which led to cell cycle arrest in prometaphase. In tobacco BY-2 cells, malformed spindles together with prometaphase arrest of nuclei and abnormal perinuclear microtubule patterns were detected as early as 4 h of endothall treatment. These effects were also observed after treatment with other protein phosphatase inhibitors, cantharidin and okadaic acid, which phenocopied the mitotic changes described in tonneau1 (ton1) and tonneau2 (ton2) Arabidopsis mutants. These mutants are defective in TONNEAU2 (TON2) protein, a regulatory subunit of PP2A, which governs cell division plane and microtubule orientation. Therefore, PP2A/TON2 phosphatase complex is suggested to be an in planta molecular target of endothall. However, in BY-2 cells, additional effects of endothall, including inhibition of S-phase initiation and DNA synthesis, detected by 5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine (EdU) incorporation, and condensed nuclei arrested in late mitosis were observed which were not reported in Arabidopsiston1 and ton2 mutants. This result indicates that two additional checkpoints in cell cycle were blocked by endothall which are probably not associated with TON2-pathway inhibition. Possibly, inhibition of PP1 and/or other PP2A protein phosphatases are involved in the regulation of these cell cycle phenomena.     

关中平原小麦生育期VTCI加权估算及其与产量的相关性研究

选取关中平原冬小麦主要生育期的条件植被温度指数( VTCI)遥感干旱监测结果,运用层次分析法、因子权重排序法两种主观赋权法和主成分分析法、熵值法两种客观赋权法,分别确定加权VTCI,并与关中平原5地区冬小麦年产量建立线性回归模型,研究VTCI对冬小麦产量的影响.结果表明,两种主观赋权法确定的加权VTCI与产量之间存在着...     

氮肥施用对石灰性土壤交换性钙含量的影响

为了揭示长期土壤化学物质投入量的不断增加给土壤造成的“亚健康”现象,更新石灰性土壤不会产生钙亏缺的传统理念,本试验研究了施用NH4Cl、( NH4 )2SO4、NH4NO3和尿素4种常用氮肥对石灰性土壤表层交换性钙含量的影响.结果表明:石灰性土壤经NH4Cl、1/2(NH4)2SO4、NH4NO3三种同体积不同浓度铵态...     

根际通气对盆栽番茄生长及水分利用率的影响

为探索适宜作物生长的水气环境,在3种土壤水分水平下,采用50％土壤孔隙率的1.6,1.2,0.8,0.4,0五种通气系数等处理方法,研究了根际通气对盆栽番茄生长指标与根系生长,以及水分利用率的影响.结果表明:适宜的土壤水分与适宜的通气量相结合对番茄生长具有显著的促进作用,通气处理促进了番茄植株的生长,提高了番茄的根系活...     

南方季节性干旱区再生稻降水资源高效利用研究

以四川、湖北、江西、广西和重庆季节性干旱危害严重的69个县为研究对象,依高产栽培的水分管理要求,基于作物需水量和自然降水量的时空分布特点,提出不同稻区再生稻水分管理策略:(1)四川、重庆大部分地区的降水量大干或等于该地区的作物需水量,可以采用水稻生长前期适当露田、中期烤田和后期干湿交替的高产水分管理策略;(2)湖北省大...     

覆膜方式对旱作玉米硝态氮时空动态及氮素利用效率的影响

以提高玉米氮素利用效率、减少氮肥污染为目标,在甘肃省定西市李家堡设置了露地(NM)、半膜平作(HM)、全膜平作(CM)和全膜双垄(CMRF)沟播等田间试验处理,对其土壤剖面中NO3- -N的积累强度、玉米干物质积累及氮素利用效率进行了系统研究.结果表明:整个生育期覆膜处理在0～ 10 cm表层中NO3- -N浓度最高,...